Holocaust – Page 130 – Lithuanian Jewish Community

Psychologist Explains Why Lithuanians Can’t Mourn Holocaust Victims

The Vilnius Jewish Public Library hosted a roundtable discussion called “The Psychological Problem of Integrating the Holocaust into the Collective Memory of the People of Lithuania” March 22.

“In childhood we ran around there, no one said even a single word about synagogues or where they were. They evaporated, and all of a sudden you realize that, as in the world of Harry Potter, something exists in parallel, but you don’t know what it is. It’s as if that world hadn’t existed, and there’s no one you can ask about it,” psychoanalyst Tomas Kajokas said. Dr. Kajokas says people don’t understand Jews are part of our society. The question of identification is extremely important, but, according to classical psychoanalysis, it can only be formed when you have lost and understand what it is you have lost. If you have nothing to lose, then in effect you cannot identify with those who have.

“Currently we are unable to identify with Jews exactly for this reason, that we don’t really comprehend the scale of loss,” Kajokas offered. He said Lithuanians will only be able to deal with the topic of the Holocaust when they are able to accept honestly their Soviet past.

Article in Lithuanian here.

Stay tuned to lzb.lt for fuller coverage of this discussion.

2016-03-24

German Activist Visits Kaunas Jewish Community to Talk about Karl Jäger

A German man named Jürgen Dettling, described on facebook as the initiator of various social projects and public education programs, visited the Kaunas Jewish Community recently. He said he is currently involved in a project concerning Karl Jäger, the author of the infamous Jäger Report and mass murderer of Lithuanian Jews. He took photographs of mass murder sites in Lithuania and spoke with Holocaust survivors. He said he is planning a return trip in April and hopes to interview survivors for a film about the mass murderer. Jäger was commander of the SD Einsatzkommando 3a in Kaunas during World War II, which included command over the Rollkommando Hamann mobile death squad. He was captured after the war and hung himself in jail in 1959.

2016-03-23

Lithuania to Investigate Jewish Treasures Stolen by Nazis

March 23, BNS–Investigation into cultural treasures the Nazis stole from Jews in Lithuania has begun, the newspaper Lietuvos žinios reports.

Last week a meeting of the International Commission for Assessing the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupational Regimes in Lithuania reached agreement on conducting several large studies, commission chairman Emanuelis Zingeris confirmed. He said the Rosenberg task force drew up lists of rare and valuable items held by Jewish organizations, libraries and museums before the war even started. “So we’re asking for additional research, which is being performed by researchers in Lithuania and abroad. I believe we will approach the German Government on with a request for clarification, because there shouldn’t be any lingering doubts regarding this,” Zingeris said.

He also spoke about the items listed in the book “Lietuvos inkunabulai” [Incunabula of Lithuania] by Nojus Feigelmanas from the Strashun library in Vilnius. “There are clear indications there were four incunabula in this library in Hebrew which the Germans took. The incunabula were printed in an Italian city in 1475. They are priceless,” Zingeris commented. His commission’s work was resumed by presidential decree in the fall of 2012. After a break of eight years, the renewed commission met again in 2013. As reported at that time, the commission only discussed technical and financial issues at that meeting. The chairman said the subcommittee investigating crimes of the Soviet occupational regime would meet in early summer this year.

2016-03-23

Poland Wrestles with Nation’s Role in Holocaust, Opens Museum Dedicated to Rescuers

Poland’s president talks about anti-Semitism as not only a demonstration of hatred towards Jews, but also as disrespectful to the memory of those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust.

Poland’s president spoke of anti-Semitism as not only hateful to Jews, but also disrespectful to the memory of those who risked their lives to save them. Amid a public debate about Poland’s Holocaust-era record (as in Lithuania), the country’s president attended the opening of a museum for non-Jews who saved Jews during the genocide.

At a ceremony attended by approximately 2,000 people Thursday, Andrzej Duda spoke of anti-Semitism as not only hateful to Jews, but also disrespectful to the memory of those who risked their lives to save them. Those who “sow hatred between people, sow and foment anti-Semitism, at the same time trample upon the grave of the Ulma family,” he said of the family who gave the new museum in the southeastern town of Markowa its name: the Ulma Family Museum of Poles Who Saved Jews. On March 24, 1944, German police murdered eight Jews and several people who hid them: Jozef Ulma, his pregnant wife and their six children. The Ulmas were recognized in 1995 as Righteous among the Nations for their actions by Yad Vashem, Israel’s Holocaust museum.

Ulma šeima
Righteous Gentiles Jozef and Wiktoria Ulma

The Markowa museum’s opening is one of several new government initiatives to commemorate the Righteous, including plans and funding for a monument to be located next to the All Saints Church on Warsaw’s Grzybowski Square. Another monument, which is controversial for its location, is planned near the Museum of the History of Polish Jews at what used to be the Warsaw Ghetto. The Polish government allocated this year $53,000 for building a chapel in Torun near Bydgoszcz in central Poland dedicated to the Righteous.

At the same time, Poland’s rightist government, elected in 2014, has courted controversy by taking steps which are seen as inhibitive for confronting the actions of Poles who participated in the murder of Jews during the Holocaust.

President Duda in January requested a re-evaluation of the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Merit medal, which was given in 1996 to Jan Gross, author of the controversial 2001 book “Neighbors” about the 1941 pogrom perpetrated against Jews by their non-Jewish countrymen in the town of Jedwabne.

Full story here.

2016-03-20

Post-War Vilnius: Legless Beggars, Bread Lines and Accusations of Murdering Christ

Mažoji leidykla publishing house, 2016

I am a post-war child. I was born in Vilnius October 8, 1946. I remember my life from about the age of four. Lithuanians, Jews (including Jews from the ghetto), Poles and Russians, we lived in an old building at the intersection of K. Giedrio and J. Garelio streets (now Šv. Ignoto and Dominikonų streets). Above us there lived Mr. Valteris, a former translator for the Gestapo. No one spoke to him about that, but everyone knew he had collaborated with the Germans.

For those living behind the iron curtain, for BBC radio listeners, Sam Yossman, who did the popular program Babushkin Sunduk (Grandmother’s Chest) and Perekati Pole (Tumbleweed), was better known by the pseudonym Sam Jones. Born and raised in Soviet Lithuania, Yossman decided after many years to record his memories in the book “Šaltojo karo samdinys” (Cold War Hired Hand).

Prosecutor Responds to LJC Request to Investigate Priest Jonas Žvinys and Bronius Žvinys

March 10, 2016 No. 46

Office of Prosecutor General
Republic of Lithuania

March 8, 2016 No. 17.2. -3073
re: February 29, 2016 No. 190

To: Faina Kukliansky, attorney, chairwoman,
Lithuanian Jewish Community

Pylimo street no. 4
01117 Vilnius

cc:

Teresė Birutė Burauskaitė, general director
Center for the Study of the Genocide and Resistance of the Residents of Lithuania

Didžioji street no. 17/1
01128 Vilnius

On Assessing the Basis for the Rehabilitation of the Priest Jonas Žvinys and on the De-Rehabilitation of Bronius Žvinys

Upon examination of a request sent by the Lithuanian Jewish Community to assess the actions of the priest Jonas Žvinys and Bronius Žvinys and received at the Office of Prosecutor General, and having examined according to our competency that part of the request demanding the Prosecutor General, in light of conclusions and material supplied by the Center for the Study of the Genocide and Resistance of the Residents of Lithuania (hereafter CSGRRL), investigate whether the Supreme Court of Lithuania justly rehabilitated Jonas Žvinys, we respond to the applicant by explaining that such a demand can only be undertaken after the CSGRRL performs archival research on the general assertions (without any factual information) made in the request and provides its conclusion to the Office of Prosecutor General. The Prosecutor General has no information about the repression of, the reasons for the repression of or the restoration of civil rights (rehabilitation) of Jonas Žvinys.

2016-03-20

Remember the Victims of the Children’s Aktion in Kaunas

A ceremony to mark the 72nd anniversary of the Children’s Aktion in the Kaunas ghetto will be held at 4:00 P.M. on March 25, 2016, at E. Ožeškienės street No. 13 in Kaunas. We will never forget the horror of that day when over 2,000 children were torn from their families and brutally murdered.

2016-03-17

Goodwill Fund Granted Greater Freedom to Spend

March 17, BNS–The Lithuanian parliament Thursday adopted fast-track amendments to allow the Goodwill Fund administering compensation for Jewish religious community property to allocate funds more freely. The vote was 81 MPs for, 1 against and 5 abstentions. Under the new amendment, the Goodwill Fund will be allowed to cover its administrative costs using monies from the state. It suggests fixing administration costs so they never exceed 10 percent of the annual amount of compensation paid out by the treasury according to the annual state budget.

Last year the fund spent 125,942 euros on expenses, but the Office of State Comptroller warned the law didn’t allow the fund to use state allocation for administrative costs. The amendments also allow the fund to invest monies paid into the fund but not used. Such a move would require careful consideration of investment security, liquidity, annual profits and other factors.

2016-03-17

A Yiddish Play in Russian Translation

Under the Skin
(a drama based on real events)

Written by: Jonathan Calderon
Directed by: Rakefet Benjamin

Tel Aviv during the first Gulf War. A young German reporter knocks on the door of an elderly Holocaust survivor and starts questioning her about the secret affair that took place between her and her SS officer. Throughout the play, the Tel Aviv scene is cut into flashbacks to the concentration camp in which the reporter from Germany also plays the prisoner Charlotte while the elderly Holocaust survivor becomes the Nazi officer.

2016-03-17

Old Jewish Cemetery in Klaipėda Added to Registry of Cultural Treasures

The old Jewish cemetery in on Sinagogų street in Klaipėda has been given legal protection, the Culture Heritage Department under the Ministry of Culture reports.

Although there used to be several dozen cemeteries in Klaipėda, only a few survive. “The only Jewish cemetery in the city is the one from the early 19th to mid-20th century period. It used to be bigger than what has survived and listed on the registry of cultural treasures. It’s now about 13,000 square meters. But what has survived obviously enriches the history of the city of Klaipėda and is an important part of the city,” Audronė Puzonienienė, director of the Klaipėda office of the Cultural Heritage Department, said.

Puzonienienė cited Jonas Tatoris’s book “Senoji Klaipėda. Urbanistinė raida ir architektūra iki 1939 m.” [“Old Klaipėda. Urban Development and Architecture till 1939”] as the richest source of information about the old Jewish cemetery in the Lithuanian port town formerly known as Memel. The author of that book says there were 22 cemeteries in Memel/Klaipėda in the period from the 16th century to the early 20th century. At the beginning of the 19th century a ravelin—part of the earthen fortification for the defense of the port city— was allocated for the Jewish cemetery. The Jewish cemetery first appears on the city map in 1840, as a still rather small area surrounded by hedgerows. It was enlarged in the early 20th century. “The layout of the Jewish cemetery was different from the Lutheran cemetery: it didn’t have a central square and intersecting paths, and the territory was divided up into rectangular blocks,” Tatoris says.

2016-03-17

Vytautas Mikuličius, Journalist and Son of Righteous Gentiles, Has Died

With deep sadness we note the passing of journalist Vytautas Mikuličius who with his parents Petras and Ona rescued Julija Remigolskytė-Flier, now a Canadian violinist, during World War II.

Petras and Ona lived with their three children at Minkovskių street no. 110 in Kaunas. Jews from the Kaunas ghetto were used as forced labor near their home, including Klara Gelman. During the winter of 1942-1943 Klara asked Ona and Petras to save her two-year-old daughter Julija. Petras and Ona took her in and raised her as their won. The little girl quickly learned to speak Lithuanian, and her foster parents told the neighbors she was the daughter of Ona’s dead sister.

From Vytautas Mikuličius’s recollections:

Our family had many friends and acquaintances. Our mother was very involved with the women in the area especially. Russians, Jews, Poles… When the Nazis put their regime in place, mother didn’t drop her girl friends, but visits became brief and secret.

2016-03-16

Canadian Jews Demand Deportation of Ukrainian Member of Nazi Death Squad

Jewish groups are calling on Canada to strip citizenship from a 92-year-old man who was once a member of a Nazi death squad.

In a letter to Citizenship Minister John McCallum, the groups say it is time to conclude a 20-year battle to deport Helmut Oberlander.

“As has been clearly established, Mr. Oberlander was a member of one of the most savage Nazi killing units, responsible for the murder of more than 90,000 Jewish men, women, and children during the Holocaust,” states the March 9 letter. “He is here illegally, was associated with a horrific and murderous enterprise for which he has neither demonstrated nor expressed any remorse, and he ought to have his Canadian citizenship revoked immediately,” it adds.

Born in Ukraine, Oberlander immigrated to Canada in 1954 and became a citizen in 1960. Ottawa began trying to strip him of his citizenship in 1995, prompting a protracted court battle.

2016-03-15

Argentine Director Returns to Jewish Roots with “The Tenth Man”

In his new movie, filmmaker Daniel Burman explores the Buenos Aires of his youth and the people who live there
by Igal Avidan

BERLIN–Usher, who heads a Jewish welfare foundation in Buenos Aires, is an unlikely movie star. But the middle-aged Argentinean Jew, whose real name is Oscar Barilka, is the central figure in Jewish-Argentinian director Daniel Burman’s new feature film, “El Rey del Once” (The Tenth Man).

Usher, playing himself, is almost always off-camera, but he is often heard as he works to bring his son Ariel (played by actor Alan Sabbagh) back to his roots.

“Usher is a real tzadik [righteous person] who doesn’t even know he is one,” says award-winning writer-director Burman, who won the Grand Jury Prize in 2004 for his film “El Abrazo Partido” (Lost Embrace), a comedy-drama about the grandson of Polish Holocaust refugees.

2016-03-15

Rain and Low Turnout at Annual Vilnius Neo-Nazi March

The parade of nationalists and neo-Nazis which has marred Lithuanian independence day celebrations for 7 years in a row went forward this March 11 as well.

Despite attempts by organizers to make the event acceptable and mainstream by calling it “traditional” and “patriotic” and to play down the swastikas and calls for the death of ethnic minorities prominent in earlier years, this year’s march was smaller than last year’s.

From 200 to 300 people, according to estimates by outsiders, gathered at the statue on Cathedral Square at around 4:00 P.M. on March 11, the more important of Lithuania’s two independence days which marks the date in 1990 when the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet parliament declared independence from the Soviet Union. The square was the final point by another march earlier in the day dedicated to celebrating Lithuanian independence and tolerance, which travelled the same route but in the opposite direction, from Independence Square outside the Lithuanian parliament to Cathedral Square. A large trailer painted military colors behind the gathering at the statue for the 4 o’clock march was outfitted with an oven and volunteers dressed as Lithuanian soldiers were still passing out free hot food to children as a variety of Lithuanian ultranationalists, neo-Nazis, biker gang members and various followers milled about waiting for the march.

2016-03-12

Major American Jewish Leader Changes His Mind about Israel

An Amazing Turn for a Major Leader of the American Jewish Mainstream: David Gordis Rethinking Israel

David Gordis has served as vice president of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and of the University of Judaism in Los Angeles (now American Jewish University). He also served as executive vice president of the American Jewish Committee and was the founding director of the Foundation for Masorti Judaism in Israel. He founded and directed the Wilstein Institute for Jewish Policy Studies which became the National Center for Jewish Policy Studies.

David Gordis is president emeritus of Hebrew College where he served as president and professor of Rabbinics for fifteen years. He is currently visiting senior scholar at the University at Albany of the State University of New York. Here is the article he submitted to Tikkun. We publish it with the same sadness that Gordis expresses at the end of this article, because many of us at Tikkun magazine shared the same hopes he expresses below for an Israel that would make Jews proud by becoming an embodiment of what is best in Jewish tradition, history, and ethics, rather than a manifestation of all the psychological and spiritual damage that has been done to our people, which now acts as an oppressor to the Palestinian people. For those of us who continue to love Judaism and the wisdom of our Jewish culture and traditions, pointing out Israel’s current distortions gives us no pleasure, but only saddens us deeply.
–Rabbi Michael Lerner

Reflections on Israel 2016
David M. Gordis

While reading Ethan Bronner’s review of a new biography of Abba Eban, I was reminded of a time when in a rare moment I had the better of a verbal encounter with Eban. It happened about thirty years ago at a meeting of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, which brought together leaders of American Jewish organizations, sometimes to hear from a visiting dignitary, in this case Eban, Israel’s eloquent voice for many years. I was attending as Executive Vice President of the American Jewish Committee. Eban had a sharp wit as well as a sharp tongue. He began his remarks with a mildly cynical remark: “I’m pleased, as always, to meet with the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, though I wonder where the presidents of minor American Jewish organizations might be.” I piped up from the audience: “They are busy meeting with minor Israeli government officials.” A mild amused reaction followed and Eban proceeded with his remarks.

2016-03-10

On 100th Anniversary BMW Expresses Regret for Using Slave Labor to Supply Nazi Arms

by Shiryn Ghermezian

German car manufacturer Bavarian Motor Works (BMW) expressed regret on Monday for using forced labor to help supply weapons components to the Nazis during WWII, the UK’s Daily Mail reported.

Under the National Socialist regime in the 1930s and ’40s, BMW operated exclusively as a supplier to the German arms industry, the company said in a statement. As demand for its aero engines increased, BMW recruited forced laborers, convicts and prisoners from concentration camps to assist in manufacturing them.

2016-03-09

EJC Expresses Deep Concern about Growth of Neo-Nazi Parties in Europe

Dear Friends,

Please find below EJC’s statement following Slovakia’s elections where the neo-Nazi party Our Slovakia gained 14 parliamentary seats, entering the National Council for the first time.

Thank you and kind regards,
The EJC team

*********

EJC Expresses Deep Concern about Growth of Neo-Nazi Parties in Europe after Our Slovakia Makes Gains in Parliamentary Elections

(Brussels, Monday, March 7, 2016)–European Jewish Congress president Dr. Moshe Kantor has expressed alarm and concern after the latest neo-Nazi party made gains in a European national parliamentary election. A neo-Nazi party named Our Slovakia has gained 14 parliamentary seats in Slovakia’s elections, entering the National Council for the first time. The far-right extremists scored 8 percent in an election that failed to produce a majority result.

2016-03-09

Rina Zak: “Markas Petuchauskas: Theater in the Shadow of Death”

Publisher, translator and editor Rina Zak [Zhak, Žak, Рина Жак], one of the iconic figures in Russian-speaking Israel, is also well known outside of the biggest linguistic community in the country. Rina also engages in educational activities, in the everyday activities of the Geographical Society of Israel and in the periodical press, writing in Isrageo magazine, as well as on facebook, where she posts little-known passages from Jewish and Israeli history. Rina Zak was born in Kaunas and was graduated from the Journalism Faculty of Vilnius University.

We are pleased to offer for your consideration a passage by Rina Zak:

Markas Petuchauskas: Theater in the Shadow of Death

In 2015 he published a book of memoirs of his time as a young prisoner of the Vilnius ghetto called “Price of Concord.”

Strange as it might seem to some, the ghetto was a venue for musical performances and festivals, literary competitions and art exhibitions. There clinics and hospitals, schools and kindergartens, a youth club and a café. There were plans for a museum, a publishing operation… but these ideas were not destined to happen. The Vilnius ghetto lasted only two years, and its population of about 40 thousand people was almost completely exterminated.

2016-03-09

Lithuania Pledges Support to Japan’s Bid to Include Sugihara Documents on UN Register

VILNIUS, March 4, BNS–Lithuania will support a Japanese application to include the documents issued by its vice-consul Chiune Sugihara in Kaunas in the UNESCO Memory of the World Program.

“Lithuania supports the initiative. Sugihara’s heroic deed must be remembered, immortalized and promoted as triumph of humanity even in the face of deadly threat. I am glad our nations share values,” Lithuanian parliamentary speaker Loreta Grauziniene said after meeting with Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe in Tokyo.

During World War II Japanese vice-consul Sugihara issued Japanese visas to Jewish nationals fleeing Nazi oppression, saving many lives.

2016-03-06

Makabi Club Book Launch

Makabi knyga

A large group turned out for the launch of the new book “Lietuvos sporto klubas ‘Makabi’ 1916-2016” [The Lithuanian Athletics Club Makabi, 1916-2016] at the Lithuanian Jewish Community on the last day of February, 2016. The appearance of the book is a milestone not just for the Lithuanian Jewish Community, but for Lithuanian sport as a whole, because Makabi is the oldest athletics club in Lithuania. The book tells the story of the origins of Makabi a century ago, activities in the first Lithuanian Republic, how the club was reconstituted after Lithuanian independence from the Soviet Union and its activities since then over the last 25 years. It includes information on Makabi’s participation at European and World Maccabiah Games and other sporting events, and showcases athletes. The book is richly illustrated with photographs depicting the history of Makabi.

This year is the 100th anniversary of the club, which began in German-occupied Vilnius. On October 23, 1916, the Makabi Jewish Sports and Gymnastics Association was established in the ancient Lithuanian capital. Kaunas Makabi was established in 1919. The entire Maccabee athletics movement took place as part of the early spread of Zionism.

2016-03-03